Gender, Development, And Development - 1210 Words

Women in Development, Gender and Development, Women and Development, The Human Rights and Gender, Environment and Development paradigms have shaped the course of development literature by taking into account both women s and men’s involvement with and in development. These five central perspectives have attempted to deconstruct gender bias in the economic, the social and the political sphere in order to show how development affects women and men in the global south. In the 1970s, WID came into use after Ester Boserup recognized that women had been excluded from economic development, resulting in them being more disadvantaged than men. Boserup demonstrated how colonialism and the penetration of capitalism have had adverse impacts on†¦show more content†¦Both WID and GAD mirrored the larger discussions within the development of communities over the meaning of development, who benefited and who lost from development and the barriers to economic growth. (Jana Everett and Sure Charlton). However, GAD particularly reflected the knitting together of feminist’s ideas and these women’s attempts to look at the social construction of production and to understand women’s oppression. Gender analysts recognized that gender is not the sole factor to take into account with the GAD paradigm and that other factors include race, age, class, sexual orientation, religion affect gender/genders relations--offering a holistic approach. While GAD recognized that males are also the partners of development projects, it also evaluated to what extent these male members are reluctant to support things such as inheritance and land rights or legal rights. For instance, in China when rural women get married they move to their in laws houses, and the implications are that they are deprived of land rights in their parents house. In other words, women not only lose their inheritance rights and property rights in their villages, but they also lose all their net work connections (Jacka). Additionally, the GAD lens stimulates critical thinking regarding the impacts of development projects. Through the example of shrimp cultivation, we can begin to understand that the GAD approach is anShow MoreRelatedWomen in Development and Gender and Development1383 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolvement of women in development.{12} b)Which of the two approaches have contributed more to the involvement of women in development activities?{8} a)According to Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia,Women in development (WID) is an approach to development projects that emerged in the 1970s ,calling for treatment of women’s issues in development projects. Later ,the Gender and Development (GAD) approach proposed more emphasis on gender relations rather Read MoreGender And Gender Identity And Development1303 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the years. However, gender identity and development is something that has been both misunderstood and misconstrued by people for quite some time. The differences between â€Å"gender† and â€Å"sex† is quite vast. According to John Carl: Gender is defined as the personal traits and position in society connected with being male or female. For instance, wearing high heels is associated with the female gender, while wearing combat boots is associated with the male gender. Gender is different from sex becauseRead MoreGender And Gender Development Model959 Words   |  4 PagesMore often than not, people will define gender as the biological sex that a person was ascribed at birth and subsequently took on the role of that gender in society. Sigmund Freud initially tried to explain the development of gender using a model called the ‘Psychosocial Development Model’, which he concluded that after the protestation of the oral and anal stages, we begin a stage he refers to as the ‘genital stage’, and believes that this is when children begin to identify as either male or femaleRead MoreGender Roles And Gender Development1598 Words   |  7 PagesGender and sex are not synonymous, although they are o ften used interchangeably. Sex is a biological term and defined as â€Å"the categories of male or female of the sum total of biological attributes on which this distinction is based within a species† (Colman, 2009). Gender, however is a social construct and consists of gender role, gender identity and sexual orientation / preference. Gender identity is â€Å"a sense of awareness, usually beginning in infancy, continuing through childhood, and reachingRead MoreWomen in Development vs. Gender and Development Essay2262 Words   |  10 Pagesare more likely than men to be impoverished. This is called the feminization of poverty.[1] In the 1970s, feminists and agents of development came up with an approach to address this problem called the Women in Development [WID] approach. As the years went by, this approach was criticized. A new approach emerged out of this critique called Gender and Development [GAD] approach. This paper makes two arguments: that GAD is the best appr oach to address the inequalities women experience in developingRead MoreGender Stereotyping : The Development Of Gender Stereotypes1565 Words   |  7 PagesVery few people understand the development of gender stereotyping and how it impacts the younger generation. Gender stereotypes are social expectations of how female and males should act. They are cultural interpretation about how females should be characterized as feminine and like pink, and how boys are stereotyped to be masculine and like the color blue. However, these stereotypes are not natural because they are socially constructed. Social construction is an idea or practice that a group ofRead MoreGender Development: Social or Biological1658 Words   |  7 PagesIn a variety of contexts, the word gender is used to describe the masculinity or femininity of words, persons, characteristics, or non-human organisms (Wikipedia, 2006). More specific to psychology, gender role is a term used to describe the normal behavior assoc iated with a given gender status. Those that do not follow this customary role given to their particular gender are said to have an atypical gender role. A person who has normal male genitalia and identifies himself as a man will usuallyRead MoreThe Biosocial Explanation Of Gender Development1317 Words   |  6 PagesThe biosocial explanation of gender assumes that gender development focuses on the interaction between biological and social factors. The approach emphasises that both factors are equally important in determining gender. How we react to babies tend to be based on the child’s sex identity. Often our sexual stereotypes do influence how we respond and expect behaviour to occur. Money and Ehrhardt (1972) believed that how an individual is sexually labelled determines how they are raised up, which goesRead MoreFreud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development in Relation to Gender Development915 Words   |  4 PagesDescribe Freud’s psychosexual stages of development in relation to gender development â€Å"Few of the findings of psychoanalysis have met with such universal contradiction or have aroused such an outburst of indignation as the assertion that the sexual function starts at the beginning of life and reveals its presence by important signs even in childhood. And yet no other findings of analysis can be demonstrated so easily and so completely† – Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud believed that all childrenRead MoreGender Development in Children Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagesin support of the development of gender identity and gender roles. One major theory was the one put forward by Bandura and his social learning theory. Banduras social learning theory states that gender is learnt through direct and indirect reinforcement. The direct reinforcement is influenced by parents and according to the social learning theory gender identity is also reinforced through the beliefs and attitudes that the parents implement within their children through gender stereotypical behaviour